Kiln Transformation

Kiln transformation (窑变, yaobian) refers to unpredictable color changes in glazes caused by chemical reactions during firing. This “controlled accident” produces unique patterns ranging from flame-like streaks to iridescent surfaces, valued for their natural spontaneity.

Scientific Principles
Color variations result from:

• Reduction-oxidation reactions of metal oxides
• Phase separation in cooling glazes
• Volatile salt vapors interacting with glaze surfaces

Famous Varieties
-钧窑 (Jun Kiln): Northern Song sky-blue glaze with purple splashes
-建窑 (Jian Kiln): Song Dynasty天目釉 (tenmoku) with oil-spot or hare’s fur patterns
-郎窑红 (Lang Kiln red): Qing Dynasty copper-red glaze with “orange peel” texture

Cultural Philosophy
Kiln transformation embodies Daoist “non-action” (wuwei), where human intervention creates conditions for natural beauty rather than rigid control. The Shanghai Museum’s Song Jun ware bowl with its “earthworm” glaze pattern exemplifies this harmony between intention and chance.